In what ways can newspapers incorporate viewpoints and ideologies?

In what ways can newspapers incorporate viewpoints and ideologies?

In many newspapers, they try not to include bias beliefs towards their ideologies but there are certain parts of a newspaper that the parenting newspaper company hints towards ideology. For one the masthead of a cover of a newspaper can incorporate a viewpoint such as The Times and the Daily Mirror. In their war against each other, The Times, and right-wing newspapers overall, usually would be more serious with their mastheads, stating in a very formal manner and not creating puns or a quote like title such as “They’re at it again”. Right-wing titles are more aimed to conservative beliefs and are fuller of themselves, being proud of themselves and their country. On the other hand, Left wing newspapers would side with Labor beliefs and would be more one with the people, including stuff that is more aimed towards the working class and poorer environments.

An example of this is how both companies (The Sun & Morning Star) viewed Jeremy Corbyn, during the day before the 2017 election. The Sun is more Right-wing, including on its front cover how Corbyn is trash by the choice of mise-en-scene. For one Corbyn is in a trash bin, already a sign that he is disgusting and is funny for middle-class, right-wing children. In addition, Corbyn is placed in a shoddy, stripped down, wasted village to show how disgusting the working class is viewed by right-wing beliefs. The inclusion of fish, an apple core and flies are hyperbolizing his greatness in being trash and the left-wing in general being not the right side. Additionally, that corbyn’s face covers the whole cover of the newspapers also can catch people eyes, wanting to return and buy a copy, and can cause a lot of debate.

On the other hand, the mise-en-scene used on the front cover of the Morning star’s newspaper is more pro Corbyn. It includes Corbyn with his thumb up, suggesting hope and that he is the one to vote. In addition, the inclusion of the massive caption “It’s got to be LABOUR” is definitely a sign of The Morning Star being pro Labour and the left-wing in general. Both of the main images of each cover both incorporate viewpoints of how each newspaper views each politician and party. This anchorage of images enforces to both adults and children (the sun especially), shows and can influence its target audience. Newspapers are only allowed to present these ideologies during the week before the election as that’s the time people would start choosing parties.

The Sun as we can tell is more right-wing as they also include “vote tory” on the top right and also call Corbyn “Jezza” suggesting that he is childish. This folio of the image. And also include a bullet point list.

Radio News

"If it bleeds, it leads" Is what most news articles use to get target audience's attention

Ethnocentrism: Is not racism but is the belief that one culture is superior to another culture

British Newspapers tend to take an ethnocentric perspective towards British culture rather than whats happen across the world.

Radio News:

1. Brief Stories that are elaborated on
2. And then goes back to them to discuss more

Not all British Newspapers are Ethnocentric, people like Donald Trump are included since he is so popular (in a bad way) in the British Public.

1. International story
2. National UK Political story
3. Russian annexation of Crimea
4. South african President's repatriation of lands
5. Finally the toddler who was murdered is last place and not as "Newsworthiness" as other stories --------->

BBC Radio is politically bias rather than humanly bias, it would classify as a broadsheet newspaper if it was one. Middle-class, older audiences. Conservative.

The radio article does not include if the father was guilty and also no mention of ethnicity either; perhaps that it doesn't have anything to do with the incident.

From a left-wing perspective, ethnicity is not important, for right-wing it is important.

Target audience for Times: Middle-class, right-wing

Target audience for Daily Mirror: working-class, left-wing

Headline lexis

Binary opposition between the middle-class "Finsbury Park" and the horrific incident"

Don't include that it is the father that killed the toddler but rather a "man"

Chooses toddler to make it more manipulative personal angle of view

Selection of images

Ideological perspective, chosen a picture of the murderer with a mean face like if he didn't care. Also he looks quit creepy as well to make the audience feel disgusted

Only contains a drawing since you are not allowed cameras in court

Not similar to the photo in the Daily mirror's article. He is 'different', creepy moustache, looks foreign, clothing makes him seem like an outlaw (nothing like a normal person)

Body language

Layout

Ethnicity

Doesn't include his ethnicity, but where he is from in the UK "Hackney", ethnicity doesn't matter in BBC articles

Negotiated reading, the comments include a lot of completely ridiculous stuff with bare;y has a connection to the article.

comments allow the producer to get feedback from the public

Public comments allow newspapers to get away with certain viewpoints that they cannot tell irl

Clickbait: an article that deliberately wants to get clicked on

The Times & The Daily Mirror

The Times is pro-Donald Trump, "you will be so proud" and "the new world" suggest that Trump is a new beginning and will save the American people by creating a better "world" or in this case, nation. They're not very supportive of Trump, they don't include anything which is very bias like "Trump wins yay", but only include how Pro-Trump supporters reflect him by including quotes.

The Serif font "The New World" suggests seriousness and positivity, and the ideology that Trump will be a global force for good. The headline is directly over his heart, demonstrating his love for america and his intentions to shape the world.

Trump's red tie has connotations to patriotism, hope and positivity. The red is associated with the Republicans

Has Mike Pence clapping for him in the main image, suggests that he has a lot of support

The mise-en-scene of the The Times is the American flag is symbolic of freedom and justice. This anchors to the audience to believe that Donald Trump is a positive force.

Bias through selection of images by selecting a smug image of President Trump suggests that he is unprepared. But for other audiences it might suggest confidence or Trump's fear at responsibility.

The choice of the word shockwaves is perhaps symbolic of natural disasters, potentially the audience may negotiate a negative response.

A pull quote's lexis demonstrates the new President's egotism. But may be comparative to other orators like MLK, however also an intertextual references to a comic book super villain.

Yellow has connotations to superiority.

The Daily Mirror is against President Trump, they say "What have they done?" which is a question presenting hatred, confusion and just why America would do such a thing, meaning that they have caused something terrible; which is reflected on the Statue of Liberty with her hands on her face, showing disappointment.

Representation: The process of showing something again

1. Identify the group, place or issue on which a media is focusing
2. The technical devices the media text uses in order to present these groups or issues
3. The message about the group or issue being created within the text
4. The impact of this message on the target audience

PEA: Point, Evidence & Argument 

Hegemony: Acceptance of certain rules and regulations in society (Hegemonic norm)




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• Patriarchal hegemony is the idea that that men have dominance over women
• In this society, women should look stereotypically attractive and men should always be adventurous
• "All women should be skinny, large breasts, tanned, blond hair": these are all hegemonic norms about beauty
• Stereotypically western body types
• Cultural Hegemony: Its is said that some cultures are stereotypically better than other cultures

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Key theory 8: Feminist Theory/Male Gaze Theory

Lisbet Van Zoonen

The theory is that every media product is aimed to a heterosexual male audience

• Gender is constructed through discourse, conversations, media products
• And that this gender stereotype can change over the world depending where you are.

Van Zoonen believes that women are used in media products to attract heterosexual men

Aspirational image: an image that inspires you to look like that model in the image to gain a better life style.

Sexualisation: To make something sexual

Objectification: The change someone to the status of an object




Why do producers use representations?

1. Entertainment value
2. Ideological Reasons
3. Financial Reasons
4. Narratives

Voyeurism: Taking pleasure in watching someone when they don't know they're being watched

In what ways can [Media Products] can incorporate viewpoints and ideologies?

Explore how audiences can respond to and interpret the ideological perspectives of [Media Products].

• The Point you are making, which links to the question marked "An advantage of the newspaper manipulating the ideology of the audience is"                                                                                 
• Evidence (Media Language) that supports your point "The use of a close-up shot anchors the target audience in a position of..."                                                                                                       
• Argument or deeper analysis of this point "The use of the setting functions as a referential code"                                                                                                                                                    
• A Theoretical Perspective which is used to confirm your point of view (Don't need a theory in every paragraph) "This in turn reinforces hegemonic notions about gender stereotypes"

Newsworthiness is stories are approved and good enough to be on newspapers

Every story must go through the basic tennets

1. Who
2. What
3. Where
4. Why
5. When
6. How
7. and more

Anchorage: weighing down something so it's enforced into people.

Ideological Perspectives of Newspapers & Representation

Newsworthiness

The process of selecting which stories include involves weighing up their newsworthiness

Intertextuality

Where a media product makes sense, only through it's reference to other media products

Bias
inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair

1. The 2016 election results, Memorial day, Doctor who weeping angels, planet of the apes

Also making reference to war movies and documentaries

1. That the producer knows about what is occurring is the USA at the time of the newspapers publication
2. That liberals are not smart, that the daily mirror do not like Donald Trump, for example expressing their anger by using "what have they done?"

The mise-en-scene of the dark cloud is a proairetic code, inferring it will bring the country to war

Statue of liberty represents America

Assumed knowledge, producers believes that the audience already know Donald Trump "It's president trump"

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Left-wing is more about equality

Belief in the government regulation

The power of the government

Collectivism

Right-wing is more about hierarchy

Free market

The rights of the individual

Individualism

Broadsheet are more serious and contain a lot more wording on their covers and address many issues in a serious matter, more emphasis on writing. Aimed towards higher classes/ middle classes.

Undeniably Conservative, broadsheet makes a lot of assumed knowledge, and their content is quite political.

Tabloids are more comedic, punny, jokes about what is occurring in the news. Their covers contain a lot of big one worded titles with big pictures covering the cover. They are more aimed towards lower classes. The type face is much larger, implying that their target audience has a lack of education.

Provocative, sensationalist. Informal and colloquial (writing with abbreviations and slang)

Polysemy: many interpretations 

Anchorage: The 'fixing' of a particular meaning to a media text, often through the use of captions

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Put him in a bin, saying that he's disgusting and trash. Also funny for kids

The use of the pun in the title, is aimed towards the working-class as the target audience

Lists everything negative about Corbyn in bullet points in a very straight forward way, emphasises how many things are terrible with Corbyn.

The use of colloquial language "Jezza" suggest that he's childish.

Enemy to the UK

The sun does this so they can construct the right wing audience

Bias: favouring one viewpoint over another

Agenda: The underlying intentions of a group.

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Newspapers Industry

The Daily Mirror

The Times

A text is a media product <----------
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v                                                         |
Audience                                            | Negotiation
 |       Encodes                                     |
v                                                         /
Producer--------------------------------/



Institution and industry are completely separate terms

Institution is the values and ideology of a media production

A more informal, high impact, sans-serif font

Smart casual highlights that Long is a bit formal but also laid back

The white background is a neutral, non threatening background

The different colours of the tabs are nicely coordinated and blend into the white but also connote to variety and choice.

The variety of student shows that everyone is welcome. Different hairstyles, ethnic groups, genders, clothing.

Institutions differentiates from each other to attract groups of people.

1. Differentiation
2. Competition
3. Identification
4. Ideology

Purpose of an logo is for it to be easily recognised as it's own unique company

Many logos can be simple, classic and clean

For Shell, the yellow symbolises energetic which correlates to Shell's energy for car infrastructure 

Starbuck logo green symbolises growth and nature

White symbolises peace and tranquility

The crown symbolise power and the best but also loyalty

Stereotypically attractive female

Long wavy organic hair
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Selection of images used in a newspaper reinforces a negative ideological perspective
"His own party deserts him", the use of the word "desert" makes him more isolated
"On the gropes" means that Trump is in a bad situation politically
Play on the words "hanging by the ropes", meaning that he's cornered and about to lose, pun
"Trump on the gropes", the headline is absolutely massive, taking up a third of the cover.
Aimed towards people with not high educational levels, potentially towards GCSE levels, around 14
The whole story is adverse
2/3 of the headlines are about TV shows, meaning that the target audience would be of working-classes
A lot of assumptions being made here like "Strictly" and "Corrie", quite informal for a mode of address and can be told by how the writers know what the target audience is on about
San-serif font has associations with informality.

Very Conservative, implying that the newspaper tends to be proud of it's own country, includes the UK coat of arms.

Very upper class and the font enforces this as we associate terribly neat handwriting with the upper-classes

Newspapers cover current news

• Newspapers have a cluttered layout
• Has multiple stories
• Has multiple headlines

 Masthead
the title of a newspaper or magazine 

Barcode
a machine-readable code in the form of numbers and a pattern of parallel lines of varying widths, printed on a commodity and used especially for stock control.

Caption

a title or brief explanation accompanying an illustration, cartoon, or poster

Headline

The title of a magazine or a newspaper

Main Image

The big image on the cover of a magazine or newspaper

Page Numbers

The digits given to a certain page depending on how far into the magazine/newspaper/book it is

Target Audience

Which group of people the producers are trying to aim their products towards at

Pull Quote

a brief, attention-catching quotation taken from the main text of an article

 

Classified Ad

is a form of advertising which is particularly common in newspapers, online and other periodicals which may be sold or distributed free of charge

Skyline

this is an information panel on the front page that tells the reader about other stories in the paper to tempt them inside

Edition

Different versions of the newspaper

Stand First

a brief introductory summary of an article in a newspaper or on a website, typically appearing immediately after the headline

Byline

The line above the story that gives the author's name

Body Text

The written material

Standalone

A picture that can exist on it's own but usually on the front page

Centre Spread

One image that runs across two pages

 

Lead Story

The main story of the paper

Gutter

The blank space between two facing pages in the centre of a newsletter or magazine

Folio

Top label for the whole page

Page furniture

Everything on the page other than the stories and the text and the images

Proairetic codes can be seen by the couple as if they are about to speak or are in the middle of getting a photo.

I, Daniel Blake

3. Create a detailed profile of the director: Ken Loach

• production and distribution
• not supposed to be a blockbuster buts blew up greatly due to it's political ideology, it brought up so many debates
• the story is about a man who loses his job
• Rebecca O'brian was the producer
• one actor starved herself to get into the shoes of poor people
• rated 15 but necessarily targeted to the higher classes
• 67k views, wasnt supposed to be too popular 
• Created so much debate with like youtube videos debating about it, increasing popularity
• Its about benefits, and about a man who is foreced to work, even though he's got a serious heart condition

• Textual analysis of the trailer
• todorov's theory of equilibrium is noted
• Steve neales theory of repetition is noted
• Throughout there is clear binary opposition, conflict between the working and higher classes
• Frequently using fade transition, use of low key lighting is used a lot
• Daniel is subversive
• Trailer portrays classes in a stereotypical manor, shows a poor women in rags

• Social and Political
• Daniel blake is a man who is unable to claim benefits, even if he is following the governmental system.
• People are very sceptical, believing if this is true in the UK
• Corbyn believes to end the i, Daniel blake lives that people are living
• What the video is saying is what the UK is trying to do to lift UK sanctions
• The specific genre is Social realism which is a film that is supposed to show what real life is like and what people in everyday life are usually going through. Ken Loach's films are all in this genre
• Over 1 million food bank sanctions were made in 2014
• Ken Loach is known as a Socialist Revolutionary
• He fits for equality in the UK
• Still debating to this day

• Reseaching why I, daniel blake was rated 15
• Discrimination is shown by unable to work due to illness
• drugs
• bad behaviour like graffitti can show stereotypical lower-class behaviour
• Imitable behaviour can be associated with anti-sociable behaviour
• Language shown is very strong due to the level of negativity
• Verbal references to sexual behaviour
• Tries to make his films relatable to working class

• How was the film received?
• The film mostly recieved positive reviews and has been praised for harsh reality
• Since it's been directed by Ken Loach, its believed to been more understandable
• Criticisms such as the daily mail stating that it is left-wing bias propaganda
• Another is that the film is too melodramatic, the character is extremely depressing
• "excellent movie"
• "left the cinema with a lot to think"
• "stunningly simple"
• Debates with both left-wing and right-wing if the movie is critically bias.
• Got 4 awards, best film by baftas etc

• Jeremy Corbyn
• He quite popular and is the leader of the labour party, very left-wing
• Popular by the youth and grime artists such as stormzy
• And he's a vegetarian
• Anti-war and anti-nuclear campaigner
• Film present a realistic fiction

• Funding and commercial nature
• Wild Bunch, funded the movie
• Why not also funded it too.
• They had the premier in Newcastle, where the  film was set
• Entertainment one also helped fund the movie and is primarily involved with the distribtuin of media products

• Poster analysis
• Striking pose shows that he's and impowerful character, gives a sense of a revolution
• Concrete background suggests that Newcastle is very run down
• Graffitti represents rebellion and stereotypes the North of poverty and danger
• Costume is working class

• The other poster suggests a more working class family
• Tries to be more family friendly and uses bright lighting to contrast the melancholy feeling of the film
• the setting is a rundown and scruffy location