The Times & The Daily Mirror

The Times is pro-Donald Trump, "you will be so proud" and "the new world" suggest that Trump is a new beginning and will save the American people by creating a better "world" or in this case, nation. They're not very supportive of Trump, they don't include anything which is very bias like "Trump wins yay", but only include how Pro-Trump supporters reflect him by including quotes.

The Serif font "The New World" suggests seriousness and positivity, and the ideology that Trump will be a global force for good. The headline is directly over his heart, demonstrating his love for america and his intentions to shape the world.

Trump's red tie has connotations to patriotism, hope and positivity. The red is associated with the Republicans

Has Mike Pence clapping for him in the main image, suggests that he has a lot of support

The mise-en-scene of the The Times is the American flag is symbolic of freedom and justice. This anchors to the audience to believe that Donald Trump is a positive force.

Bias through selection of images by selecting a smug image of President Trump suggests that he is unprepared. But for other audiences it might suggest confidence or Trump's fear at responsibility.

The choice of the word shockwaves is perhaps symbolic of natural disasters, potentially the audience may negotiate a negative response.

A pull quote's lexis demonstrates the new President's egotism. But may be comparative to other orators like MLK, however also an intertextual references to a comic book super villain.

Yellow has connotations to superiority.

The Daily Mirror is against President Trump, they say "What have they done?" which is a question presenting hatred, confusion and just why America would do such a thing, meaning that they have caused something terrible; which is reflected on the Statue of Liberty with her hands on her face, showing disappointment.

Representation: The process of showing something again

1. Identify the group, place or issue on which a media is focusing
2. The technical devices the media text uses in order to present these groups or issues
3. The message about the group or issue being created within the text
4. The impact of this message on the target audience

PEA: Point, Evidence & Argument 

Hegemony: Acceptance of certain rules and regulations in society (Hegemonic norm)




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• Patriarchal hegemony is the idea that that men have dominance over women
• In this society, women should look stereotypically attractive and men should always be adventurous
• "All women should be skinny, large breasts, tanned, blond hair": these are all hegemonic norms about beauty
• Stereotypically western body types
• Cultural Hegemony: Its is said that some cultures are stereotypically better than other cultures

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Key theory 8: Feminist Theory/Male Gaze Theory

Lisbet Van Zoonen

The theory is that every media product is aimed to a heterosexual male audience

• Gender is constructed through discourse, conversations, media products
• And that this gender stereotype can change over the world depending where you are.

Van Zoonen believes that women are used in media products to attract heterosexual men

Aspirational image: an image that inspires you to look like that model in the image to gain a better life style.

Sexualisation: To make something sexual

Objectification: The change someone to the status of an object




Why do producers use representations?

1. Entertainment value
2. Ideological Reasons
3. Financial Reasons
4. Narratives

Voyeurism: Taking pleasure in watching someone when they don't know they're being watched

In what ways can [Media Products] can incorporate viewpoints and ideologies?

Explore how audiences can respond to and interpret the ideological perspectives of [Media Products].

• The Point you are making, which links to the question marked "An advantage of the newspaper manipulating the ideology of the audience is"                                                                                 
• Evidence (Media Language) that supports your point "The use of a close-up shot anchors the target audience in a position of..."                                                                                                       
• Argument or deeper analysis of this point "The use of the setting functions as a referential code"                                                                                                                                                    
• A Theoretical Perspective which is used to confirm your point of view (Don't need a theory in every paragraph) "This in turn reinforces hegemonic notions about gender stereotypes"

Newsworthiness is stories are approved and good enough to be on newspapers

Every story must go through the basic tennets

1. Who
2. What
3. Where
4. Why
5. When
6. How
7. and more

Anchorage: weighing down something so it's enforced into people.

Ideological Perspectives of Newspapers & Representation

Newsworthiness

The process of selecting which stories include involves weighing up their newsworthiness

Intertextuality

Where a media product makes sense, only through it's reference to other media products

Bias
inclination or prejudice for or against one person or group, especially in a way considered to be unfair

1. The 2016 election results, Memorial day, Doctor who weeping angels, planet of the apes

Also making reference to war movies and documentaries

1. That the producer knows about what is occurring is the USA at the time of the newspapers publication
2. That liberals are not smart, that the daily mirror do not like Donald Trump, for example expressing their anger by using "what have they done?"

The mise-en-scene of the dark cloud is a proairetic code, inferring it will bring the country to war

Statue of liberty represents America

Assumed knowledge, producers believes that the audience already know Donald Trump "It's president trump"

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Left-wing is more about equality

Belief in the government regulation

The power of the government

Collectivism

Right-wing is more about hierarchy

Free market

The rights of the individual

Individualism

Broadsheet are more serious and contain a lot more wording on their covers and address many issues in a serious matter, more emphasis on writing. Aimed towards higher classes/ middle classes.

Undeniably Conservative, broadsheet makes a lot of assumed knowledge, and their content is quite political.

Tabloids are more comedic, punny, jokes about what is occurring in the news. Their covers contain a lot of big one worded titles with big pictures covering the cover. They are more aimed towards lower classes. The type face is much larger, implying that their target audience has a lack of education.

Provocative, sensationalist. Informal and colloquial (writing with abbreviations and slang)

Polysemy: many interpretations 

Anchorage: The 'fixing' of a particular meaning to a media text, often through the use of captions

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Put him in a bin, saying that he's disgusting and trash. Also funny for kids

The use of the pun in the title, is aimed towards the working-class as the target audience

Lists everything negative about Corbyn in bullet points in a very straight forward way, emphasises how many things are terrible with Corbyn.

The use of colloquial language "Jezza" suggest that he's childish.

Enemy to the UK

The sun does this so they can construct the right wing audience

Bias: favouring one viewpoint over another

Agenda: The underlying intentions of a group.

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Newspapers Industry

The Daily Mirror

The Times

A text is a media product <----------
 |       Decodes                                   \
v                                                         |
Audience                                            | Negotiation
 |       Encodes                                     |
v                                                         /
Producer--------------------------------/



Institution and industry are completely separate terms

Institution is the values and ideology of a media production

A more informal, high impact, sans-serif font

Smart casual highlights that Long is a bit formal but also laid back

The white background is a neutral, non threatening background

The different colours of the tabs are nicely coordinated and blend into the white but also connote to variety and choice.

The variety of student shows that everyone is welcome. Different hairstyles, ethnic groups, genders, clothing.

Institutions differentiates from each other to attract groups of people.

1. Differentiation
2. Competition
3. Identification
4. Ideology

Purpose of an logo is for it to be easily recognised as it's own unique company

Many logos can be simple, classic and clean

For Shell, the yellow symbolises energetic which correlates to Shell's energy for car infrastructure 

Starbuck logo green symbolises growth and nature

White symbolises peace and tranquility

The crown symbolise power and the best but also loyalty

Stereotypically attractive female

Long wavy organic hair
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Selection of images used in a newspaper reinforces a negative ideological perspective
"His own party deserts him", the use of the word "desert" makes him more isolated
"On the gropes" means that Trump is in a bad situation politically
Play on the words "hanging by the ropes", meaning that he's cornered and about to lose, pun
"Trump on the gropes", the headline is absolutely massive, taking up a third of the cover.
Aimed towards people with not high educational levels, potentially towards GCSE levels, around 14
The whole story is adverse
2/3 of the headlines are about TV shows, meaning that the target audience would be of working-classes
A lot of assumptions being made here like "Strictly" and "Corrie", quite informal for a mode of address and can be told by how the writers know what the target audience is on about
San-serif font has associations with informality.

Very Conservative, implying that the newspaper tends to be proud of it's own country, includes the UK coat of arms.

Very upper class and the font enforces this as we associate terribly neat handwriting with the upper-classes

Newspapers cover current news

• Newspapers have a cluttered layout
• Has multiple stories
• Has multiple headlines

 Masthead
the title of a newspaper or magazine 

Barcode
a machine-readable code in the form of numbers and a pattern of parallel lines of varying widths, printed on a commodity and used especially for stock control.

Caption

a title or brief explanation accompanying an illustration, cartoon, or poster

Headline

The title of a magazine or a newspaper

Main Image

The big image on the cover of a magazine or newspaper

Page Numbers

The digits given to a certain page depending on how far into the magazine/newspaper/book it is

Target Audience

Which group of people the producers are trying to aim their products towards at

Pull Quote

a brief, attention-catching quotation taken from the main text of an article

 

Classified Ad

is a form of advertising which is particularly common in newspapers, online and other periodicals which may be sold or distributed free of charge

Skyline

this is an information panel on the front page that tells the reader about other stories in the paper to tempt them inside

Edition

Different versions of the newspaper

Stand First

a brief introductory summary of an article in a newspaper or on a website, typically appearing immediately after the headline

Byline

The line above the story that gives the author's name

Body Text

The written material

Standalone

A picture that can exist on it's own but usually on the front page

Centre Spread

One image that runs across two pages

 

Lead Story

The main story of the paper

Gutter

The blank space between two facing pages in the centre of a newsletter or magazine

Folio

Top label for the whole page

Page furniture

Everything on the page other than the stories and the text and the images

Proairetic codes can be seen by the couple as if they are about to speak or are in the middle of getting a photo.

I, Daniel Blake

3. Create a detailed profile of the director: Ken Loach

• production and distribution
• not supposed to be a blockbuster buts blew up greatly due to it's political ideology, it brought up so many debates
• the story is about a man who loses his job
• Rebecca O'brian was the producer
• one actor starved herself to get into the shoes of poor people
• rated 15 but necessarily targeted to the higher classes
• 67k views, wasnt supposed to be too popular 
• Created so much debate with like youtube videos debating about it, increasing popularity
• Its about benefits, and about a man who is foreced to work, even though he's got a serious heart condition

• Textual analysis of the trailer
• todorov's theory of equilibrium is noted
• Steve neales theory of repetition is noted
• Throughout there is clear binary opposition, conflict between the working and higher classes
• Frequently using fade transition, use of low key lighting is used a lot
• Daniel is subversive
• Trailer portrays classes in a stereotypical manor, shows a poor women in rags

• Social and Political
• Daniel blake is a man who is unable to claim benefits, even if he is following the governmental system.
• People are very sceptical, believing if this is true in the UK
• Corbyn believes to end the i, Daniel blake lives that people are living
• What the video is saying is what the UK is trying to do to lift UK sanctions
• The specific genre is Social realism which is a film that is supposed to show what real life is like and what people in everyday life are usually going through. Ken Loach's films are all in this genre
• Over 1 million food bank sanctions were made in 2014
• Ken Loach is known as a Socialist Revolutionary
• He fits for equality in the UK
• Still debating to this day

• Reseaching why I, daniel blake was rated 15
• Discrimination is shown by unable to work due to illness
• drugs
• bad behaviour like graffitti can show stereotypical lower-class behaviour
• Imitable behaviour can be associated with anti-sociable behaviour
• Language shown is very strong due to the level of negativity
• Verbal references to sexual behaviour
• Tries to make his films relatable to working class

• How was the film received?
• The film mostly recieved positive reviews and has been praised for harsh reality
• Since it's been directed by Ken Loach, its believed to been more understandable
• Criticisms such as the daily mail stating that it is left-wing bias propaganda
• Another is that the film is too melodramatic, the character is extremely depressing
• "excellent movie"
• "left the cinema with a lot to think"
• "stunningly simple"
• Debates with both left-wing and right-wing if the movie is critically bias.
• Got 4 awards, best film by baftas etc

• Jeremy Corbyn
• He quite popular and is the leader of the labour party, very left-wing
• Popular by the youth and grime artists such as stormzy
• And he's a vegetarian
• Anti-war and anti-nuclear campaigner
• Film present a realistic fiction

• Funding and commercial nature
• Wild Bunch, funded the movie
• Why not also funded it too.
• They had the premier in Newcastle, where the  film was set
• Entertainment one also helped fund the movie and is primarily involved with the distribtuin of media products

• Poster analysis
• Striking pose shows that he's and impowerful character, gives a sense of a revolution
• Concrete background suggests that Newcastle is very run down
• Graffitti represents rebellion and stereotypes the North of poverty and danger
• Costume is working class

• The other poster suggests a more working class family
• Tries to be more family friendly and uses bright lighting to contrast the melancholy feeling of the film
• the setting is a rundown and scruffy location

Power and Media Industries (Straight Outta Compton)

The film is a blockbuster

Movie posters with a yellow background signify comedy, very independent with mainstream enough script so its accessible enough for the main public.

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Curran and Seaton: Power and  media industries


The media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the profit and power

Media concentration limits variety, creativity and quality

More socially diverse patterns of ownership can create more varied and adventurous media productions.

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Straight Outta Compton
Produced by legendary pictures who entered in partnership with Universal Pictures (The films distributor) in 2014.

Universal is owned by NBC Universal, a Comcast company.

Conglomeration: The process of a big company, owning many products and services, being formed

Horizontal Integration: When one big company buys another big company to get money of it.

Vertical Integration: When a company buys another company of that are involved in the making of a film.

Fuck the police

Gangsta/hiphop rap

Explicit

For late teens

Highly offensive/controversial/racist

Directly attacking white police officers

Negative representation of the police

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsbWEF1Sju0

• Appeals to a young black male audience who may relate to the characters
• There wasn't a lot of violence,swearing and sex scenes in the trailer, but there is in the movie
• The trailer has a political message
• Blurs out swearing so they can show the trailer in other films
• Dull piano music goes to uplifting, exciting hip hop music to give the audience goosebumps.
• Trailer gives us a narrative
• Rags to Riches story
• The trailer is light-hearted, it does show some serious point but also tries to be quite funny
• Don't know who the actors are, they are not the most well known, but we are given the characters names.
• The main selling point is the NWA
• Synergy

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Different way a movie can be marketed: 

1. Poster
2. Trailer
3. Leaflets
4. Social Media
5. Toys
6. Billboards
7. Magazines
8. Streaming Platforms
9. Websites

Marketing is the process of selling something

The average amount of money used to advertise a film is $39 Million

BBFC
The British Board of Film Classification (regulates the film industry in the UK)

UC: Suitable for unsupervised children
U: Suitable for all
PG: Parental Guidance
12/12A: Suitable for 12 years and over
15: Suitable for 15 and over
18: Suitable for only adults
R18: Only to be shown in licensed cinemas or sex shops
E: Doesn't need a classification

The BBFC is the regulation of theatrical releases (cinemas) and physical releases e.g DVD's, not the internet

The BBFC regulations is not very effective in the UK, partly due to digital technology.

Synergy: Is when 2, or more, industries combine

For Straight Outta Compton  it's the music and film

Film is a specialised institution

Regulations: The Rules and instructions a media product must follow


Key theory: Sonia Livingstone and Peter Hunt: Regulations

The increasing power of global media corporations, together with the rising convergent

NEW TOPIC: Film Industry

Media Products exists to get money(Movies, Videogames, Tv, Magazines, Newspaper, Social Media)

Film Industry

1. The Studio System: A method of film production
2. Production: The process of making the film
3. Distribution: Giving out the media product to the audience
4. Conglomeration: Is the process of conglomerate being formed, a conglomerate is a corporation consisting of a group of businesses dealing in different products or services.
5. Vertical/Horizontal Integration: When companies buy other companies
6. Digital Technologies:
7. Regulation: The rules and restrictions that studios must follow to make a film
8. Convergence:
9. Exhibition: Showing it off

The internet has completely changed the way in how the film industry works, effecting its distribution and exhibition. The internet provides information, communication, entertainment, shopping and more

Google has additionally helped as it provides searching for content more easily.

Streaming videos has completely changed the way we see films.

David Hesmondhalgh- The cultural Industries

Horizontal Integration: When companies buy other companies in the same sector/level

 (Disney buys 20th Century Fox)

Vertical Integration: Where a company buys "up other companies involved in different stages of production and circulation" Essentially companies in different sectors/levels

This can cause monopolisation: 

Vertical Integration is very illegal in the UK.

Universal Pictures