The Magazine Industry

To what extent are woman and Adbusters examples are specialised and institutionalised media productions?
Make reference to their distribution and circulation

IPC (producer of women magazine) bought it's rivals Woman's Own Newnes and Woman's Weekly Amalgamated in order to eliminate competition, this is an example of horizontal integration and conglomeration.
The IPC is now a subsidiary of Time Inc UK

Time Inc/ IPC is dominantly aimed towards middle age white people
"Woman serves the fastest-growing and most influential audience in the uk" - Women aged 40+ for woman magazine

The audience is 40+ and is for mass market (they are basic)

The magazine is explicitly telling it's audience to follow the rules of society (Hegemony)

IPC owns other identical woman magazines because it integrates all women magazines monopolising that side of the market.

IPSO is extremely similar to the PCC

George Gerbner: Cultivation Theory

• The idea that prolonged and heavy exposure to TV cultivates. The long exposure of the idea reinforces the ideology/stereotype of that group.

Curran and Seaton: Power and Media Industries

• The media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the profit and power
• Media concentration limits variety, creativity and quality
• More socially diverse patterns of ownership can create more varied and adventurous media productions
• With this power, media producers cultivates ideologies

1985 Woman Advert

• Aimed towards younger audiences
• There is a prize for a car in it
• It captures the neon colours and feel of the 80s
• Still has a section about women
• Aimed towards working class women still
• IPC is now known as Time Inc, this is an example of horizontal integration, we are then left with a product which is bland and has no challengers
• IPC is a major company: opposite of Indi or Independent 
• They are a conglomerate
• Sparked a monopolisation

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1. the words "A-level" are repeated a lot, suggesting that the target audience isn't a-level and that the magazine is aspirational 
2. Images of simple face make-ups are generic and could be anybodies face
3. Every face is white, that the assumption here is that the target audience is white
4. Assumes that the target audience women like make-up
5. The term "tactics" is symbolic for war, and that war is too looking good for attracting men, reinforcing hegemonic norms
6. This article is forcing the audience to question itself
7. The article heavily implies that all women have limited aspirations 
8. Blatantly telling the audience that they are ugly by including the 'exam'
9. If one company is creating media, there we see only one ideology

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Power and Media Industries (Straight Outta Compton)

The film is a blockbuster

Movie posters with a yellow background signify comedy, very independent with mainstream enough script so its accessible enough for the main public.

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Curran and Seaton: Power and  media industries


The media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the profit and power

Media concentration limits variety, creativity and quality

More socially diverse patterns of ownership can create more varied and adventurous media productions.

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Straight Outta Compton
Produced by legendary pictures who entered in partnership with Universal Pictures (The films distributor) in 2014.

Universal is owned by NBC Universal, a Comcast company.

Conglomeration: The process of a big company, owning many products and services, being formed

Horizontal Integration: When one big company buys another big company to get money of it.

Vertical Integration: When a company buys another company of that are involved in the making of a film.

Fuck the police

Gangsta/hiphop rap

Explicit

For late teens

Highly offensive/controversial/racist

Directly attacking white police officers

Negative representation of the police

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsbWEF1Sju0

• Appeals to a young black male audience who may relate to the characters
• There wasn't a lot of violence,swearing and sex scenes in the trailer, but there is in the movie
• The trailer has a political message
• Blurs out swearing so they can show the trailer in other films
• Dull piano music goes to uplifting, exciting hip hop music to give the audience goosebumps.
• Trailer gives us a narrative
• Rags to Riches story
• The trailer is light-hearted, it does show some serious point but also tries to be quite funny
• Don't know who the actors are, they are not the most well known, but we are given the characters names.
• The main selling point is the NWA
• Synergy

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Different way a movie can be marketed: 

1. Poster
2. Trailer
3. Leaflets
4. Social Media
5. Toys
6. Billboards
7. Magazines
8. Streaming Platforms
9. Websites

Marketing is the process of selling something

The average amount of money used to advertise a film is $39 Million

BBFC
The British Board of Film Classification (regulates the film industry in the UK)

UC: Suitable for unsupervised children
U: Suitable for all
PG: Parental Guidance
12/12A: Suitable for 12 years and over
15: Suitable for 15 and over
18: Suitable for only adults
R18: Only to be shown in licensed cinemas or sex shops
E: Doesn't need a classification

The BBFC is the regulation of theatrical releases (cinemas) and physical releases e.g DVD's, not the internet

The BBFC regulations is not very effective in the UK, partly due to digital technology.

Synergy: Is when 2, or more, industries combine

For Straight Outta Compton  it's the music and film

Film is a specialised institution

Regulations: The Rules and instructions a media product must follow


Key theory: Sonia Livingstone and Peter Hunt: Regulations

The increasing power of global media corporations, together with the rising convergent